Abrams løgn

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or a relationship of belonging between people or things. They agree in gender and number with the noun they are referring to and change form depending on whether the noun is singular or plural, and sometimes depending on the gender of the noun. The common possessive pronouns in Norwegian include "min" (my), "din" (your, singular), "hans" (his), "hennes" (her), "vårt" (our, neuter singular), "våre" (our, plural), "deres" (your, plural or polite singular), and "sitt" (his/her/its own, used with reflexive verbs).

Examples from the text:

• "Han sa til kona si..." (He told his wife...) - the possessive pronoun "si" is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, Abram, indicating that Sarai is his wife. "Si" is used instead of "hans" to specify that the owner (Abram) is the subject of the sentence.
• "I Egypt kan folk drepe meg for å ta deg fordi du er min kone" (In Egypt, people can kill me to take you because you are my wife) - here, "min" indicates ownership or relation directly by the speaker, Abram. He is referring to Sarai as his wife in his conversation.
• "Hvorfor sa du at hun er din søster?" (Why did you say she's your sister?) - "din" is used by Abram while speaking to Sarai, indicating possession or relationship as perceived by others (suggesting Sarai to pretend to be his sister).
• "Ta din kone og dra!" (Take your wife and go!) - in this instance, "din" is used by the farao when speaking to Abram, telling him to take his (Abram's) wife and leave.

The future tense with the modal verb "vil" in Norwegian is used to express actions or events that will happen in the future. "Vil" primarily expresses a desire, wish, or willingness to do something in the future. It can also be used to make predictions about the future based on the speaker's opinion or available information. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "vil" followed by the infinitive form of the main verb. This construction is similar to the English "will" + verb to indicate future events.

In some contexts, Norwegian might use the present tense to indicate future events, especially when the context or time indicators make it clear that it’s about the future. This is similar to the English use of the present tense for scheduled future events.

Another auxiliary verb used for the future tense is "skal." "Skal" is used to express a more definite future action, often involving an obligation, requirement, or a plan that is likely to happen. It can also be used to convey a promise or a strong intention.

Examples from the text:

• "...vil de tenke 'Hun er kona hans'" (...they will think 'She is his wife') - The future tense is used here to predict what people in Egypt will think when they see Sarai. "vil" is followed by the infinitive "tenke" to form the future tense.
• "Da vil det gå bra med meg" (Then it will go well with me) - This sentence uses "vil" to express a future condition related to Abram's safety. The structure "vil" + "gå" (to go) indicates a positive outcome in the future.
• "og jeg vil være trygg" (and I will be safe) - Here, "vil" is used to describe Abram's future state of being safe. The construction "vil være" shows his anticipation of being protected.

The passive voice in Norwegian is formed in a few different ways, but a common method involves using the verb "å bli" (to become) followed by a past participle. Another method involves using the simple past participle alone as an adjective or as part of a compound verb construction to indicate passive voice. Passive constructions are often used to express actions where the agent (the one performing the action) is unknown, unimportant, or understood from context.

Examples from the text:

• "Da vil jeg bli behandlet godt" (Then I will be treated well) - In this example, "bli behandlet godt" (be treated well) is a clear use of the passive voice, where the speaker anticipates receiving good treatment from others without specifying who will treat him well.
• "så hun ble tatt med til faraos palass" (so she was taken to Pharaoh's palace) - This sentence clearly uses the passive voice, showing that Sarai was taken by others (implied to be Pharaoh's servants) without specifying who did it.
• "Farao beordret noen menn til å sørge for at Abram, kona hans og alt de eide, ble sendt bort fra Egypt" (Pharaoh ordered some men to ensure that Abram, his wife, and all they owned were sent away from Egypt) - Here, the passive construction "ble sendt bort" (were sent away) indicates that Abram, his wife, and all their possessions were sent away by others under Pharaoh's orders.